Today, October 31, 2023, marks the 15th anniversary of Satoshi Nakamoto’s release of the Bitcoin white paper, which introduced the concept of a decentralized peer-to-peer electronic cash system. The white paper proposed a solution to the double-spending problem in digital currency through a proof-of-work consensus mechanism. This breakthrough was influenced by prior developments in cryptography and electronic cash systems, such as Wei Dai’s b-money.